The Best Ways to Treat Nasal Congestion
Nasal congestion is a condition that occurs when the tissues and blood vessels in the nasal passages become swollen and inflamed, causing issues when breathing through the nose. Many factors can contribute to nasal congestion, including allergies, sinus infections, colds, and other respiratory infections. Structural problems, such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps, can also cause the condition. In addition, irritants such as pollution, smoke, and strong odours can irritate the nasal passages and trigger congestion. Understanding the underlying cause of your nasal congestion is important in determining the best course of treatment.
Dr Stephen Kleid is an experienced Nose, Ear and Throat ENT Surgeon (Otolaryngologist) based in Hawthorn, St Kilda East and East Melbourne, Victoria.
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What Causes Nasal Congestion?
- Allergies: Allergies are a common cause of nasal congestion. Allergic reactions to dust, pollen, mould, and pet dander can cause inflammation in the nasal passages, leading to congestion
- Sinus Infections: Sinus infections are another common cause of nasal congestion. The inflammation of the sinuses can cause the nasal passages to become blocked, making it difficult to breathe
- Cold and Flu: Cold and flu viruses can cause inflammation in the nasal passages, leading to congestion. This is because the body produces excess mucus in response to the infection, which can clog the nasal passages
- Structural Problems: Structural problems, such as a deviated septum, can also cause nasal congestion. A deviated septum occurs when the wall between the two nostrils is crooked or off-centre, making it difficult to breathe through one or both nostrils
How to Fix Nasal Congestion
1. Nasal sprays
Nasal sprays are a popular over-the-counter remedy for nasal congestion. They contain ingredients such as oxymetazoline or phenylephrine that work by constricting the blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing inflammation and congestion. Nasal sprays can provide quick relief from nasal congestion, but they should not be used for more than three days in a row, as prolonged use can cause rebound congestion. Rebound congestion occurs when the nasal passages become more congested than before the medication was used, leading to a cycle of using more medication to relieve the congestion. It is important to follow the instructions on the package and consult a healthcare provider if you have any concerns about using nasal sprays. In addition, nasal sprays should not be used by individuals with certain medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease, without consulting a healthcare provider.
2. Steam
Steam is a simple and effective way to relieve nasal congestion. It works by moistening the nasal passages and thinning the mucus, making it easier to clear. One of the simplest ways to inhale steam is to take a hot shower and breathe in the steam. Another method is to boil a pot of water, remove it from the heat, and then place your face over the pot with a towel draped over your head to trap the steam. You can also add essential oils such as eucalyptus or peppermint to the water to help open up the nasal passages. Steam should be used cautiously, however, as it can cause burns or scalds if the water is too hot or if the person is too close to the pot. It is also important to note that steam should not be used in individuals with certain medical conditions, such as asthma.
3. Saline nasal rinse
Saline nasal rinses are another effective way to relieve nasal congestion. They work by flushing out excess mucus and allergens from the nasal passages, reducing inflammation and congestion. Saline nasal rinses can be purchased at a pharmacy or made at home by mixing salt and water. To use a saline nasal rinse, first tilt your head back and gently insert the tip of the rinse bottle into one nostril. Squeeze the bottle to release the saline solution into your nose, and allow the solution to flow out of the other nostril or your mouth. Repeat the process on the other side, and then blow your nose gently to remove any remaining mucus or saline solution. Saline nasal rinses are generally safe, but they should be used with caution in individuals with certain medical conditions, such as ear infections or a perforated eardrum, as they can cause discomfort or complications. It is important to use distilled or sterile water to make the saline solution to avoid contamination.
4. Decongestants
Decongestants are medications that can help reduce nasal congestion by constricting the blood vessels in the nasal passages, making breathing easier. They are available in both oral and nasal spray forms and can be purchased over the counter or prescribed by your healthcare provider. Decongestants should be used with caution, as they can cause side effects such as increased blood pressure, heart rate, and jitteriness. Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as heart disease or high blood pressure should not use them. Decongestant nasal sprays should also not be used for more than three days in a row, as prolonged use can cause rebound congestion, making the congestion worse than before.
5. Stay hydrated
Staying hydrated is an important way to help alleviate nasal congestion and blockage. Drinking plenty of fluids can help to thin out mucus, making it easier to clear from the nasal passages. Water is the best option for staying hydrated, but herbal tea and clear broths can also be helpful. In addition to drinking fluids, consuming foods high in water content, such as fruits and vegetables, can also help keep you hydrated. It is important to avoid beverages that can dehydrate you, such as alcohol and caffeinated drinks, as they can exacerbate nasal congestion.
6. Elevate your head
Elevating your head while sleeping can help to reduce nasal congestion and blockage. When you lie flat, mucus can accumulate in the nasal passages, making breathing difficult. Elevating your head allows gravity to pull the mucus away from the nasal passages, making it easier to breathe.
7. Humidifier
A humidifier can help alleviate nasal congestion and blockage by adding moisture to the air. Dry air can irritate the nasal passages, leading to inflammation and congestion. A humidifier can help reduce dryness and keep the nasal passages moist, making breathing easier.
Humidifiers come in various types, each with its unique method of dispersing moisture into the air. The most commonly available types of humidifiers include cool mist, warm mist, and ultrasonic models. Cool mist humidifiers function by employing a fan that blows cool mist into the air. Warm mist humidifiers warm up the water before dispersing steam into the room. Ultrasonic humidifiers make use of high-frequency vibrations to generate a fine mist that is spread into the room.
When using a humidifier, it is important to keep it clean to prevent mould and bacteria growth. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning and maintaining the humidifier. It is also important to use distilled or demineralised water in the humidifier, as tap water can contain minerals that can accumulate in the humidifier and cause damage.
It is important to monitor the humidity levels in your home when using a humidifier. High humidity levels can promote mould and bacteria growth, while low humidity levels can exacerbate nasal congestion. The ideal humidity level is between 30-50%. Use a hygrometer to monitor the humidity levels in your home and adjust the humidifier as needed.
Using a humidifier can be especially beneficial during the winter months when indoor heating can dry out the air. It can also be helpful for individuals with allergies, as it can help to reduce irritants in the air.
8. Avoid triggers
If allergies cause your nasal congestion, avoiding triggers is an important way to alleviate your symptoms. Allergens such as dust, pollen, pet dander, and mould can irritate the nasal passages and trigger congestion. Here are some tips for avoiding triggers:
- Identify your triggers: Keep a journal of your symptoms and note any patterns or triggers. This can help you identify the specific allergens that are causing your symptoms
- Limit exposure: Once you have identified your triggers, take steps to limit your exposure. For example, if you are allergic to pollen, try to stay indoors on high pollen count days, and keep your windows and doors closed. If you are allergic to pet dander, avoid contact with pets, or at least keep them out of your bedroom
- Use air filters: Air filters can help to remove allergens from the air. Use a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter in your home, and change it regularly
- Wash bedding: Wash your bedding regularly in hot water to remove allergens. Use dust mite covers on your mattress and pillows
- Medications: Over-the-counter antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids can help reduce allergy symptoms. Your healthcare provider may prescribe stronger medications or recommend allergy shots if your symptoms are severe
FAQs about Breathing Difficulty and How to Fix It
What are the most common causes of nasal congestion?
The most common causes of nasal problems include allergies, sinus infections, colds, and other respiratory infections. Structural problems, such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps, can also cause nasal congestion. Irritants such as pollution, smoke, and strong odours can also irritate the nasal passages and trigger congestion.
How can I treat nasal congestion at home?
There are several ways to relieve nasal problems at home, including using a humidifier, staying hydrated, using saline nasal rinses, and avoiding triggers. Over-the-counter remedies such as nasal sprays and decongestants can also provide relief but should be used with caution.
When should I see a healthcare provider for nasal congestion?
If your nasal congestion is accompanied by other symptoms, such as high fever, severe headache, or a cough that produces yellow or green mucus, you should see a healthcare provider. Additionally, if your symptoms persist for more than a week or two or you experience difficulty breathing, you should seek medical attention.
Can allergies cause chronic nasal congestion?
Allergies can cause chronic nasal problems. If allergies cause your nasal congestion, avoiding triggers and taking allergy medications can help to alleviate your symptoms.
Are there any natural remedies for nasal congestion?
Yes, several natural remedies for nasal problems include using steam, drinking plenty of fluids, using saline nasal rinses, and avoiding triggers. Additionally, certain herbs and supplements, such as eucalyptus oil and vitamin C, may help to relieve nasal congestion. However, it is important to talk to a healthcare provider before using any natural remedies, as some may interact with medications or cause side effects.
Sources:
- Nasal Congestion – Cleveland Clinic
- Nasal congestion – Causes – Mayo Clinic
- How to Treat Nasal Congestion and Sinus Pressure – WebMD
- Pathophysiology of Nasal Congestion – NCBI
Further Reading
- Read Dr Stephen Kleid’s Rhinoplasty Surgery Page
- Read Dr Stephen Kleid’s Common Nose Problems That Nose Surgery Can Help
- Read Dr Stephen Kleid’s Do you need a Rhinoplasty for a Broken Nose?
